What Makes a Credible Documentary Free Essays

A documentary is successful when it is able to combine both the appearance of historically accurate elements and present believable situations through a false lens, leading the audience to question the reality of what they are seeing. The genre of documentary aims to present a convincing story through the use of credible documentary tactics to portray a â€Å"fictional documentary. † Every documentary depends on its viewers believing its premise. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes a Credible Documentary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The illusion of believability is most often either confirmed or destroyed by the credits. Frequently the audience first learns the people on the screen were actors, and that they have fallen prey to the thick veil of believability that documentary films are so able to portray. To capture the audiences trust directors of documentary films apply many of the tactics and conventions documentaries serve to leave the audience questioning the reality and believability of what they view in the theatre and at home. Documentaries inspire an awareness of being that one has not previously experienced. The film urges the spectator to reevaluate not only one’s breadth of knowledge but also puts forward the message that the documentary is actually made to talk about and the real truth from a person who is not involved with the message. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to â€Å"document† reality. Although â€Å"documentary film† originally referred to movies shot on film stock, it has subsequently expanded to include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video or made for a television series. Documentary, as it applies here, works to identify a â€Å"filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception† that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries. The nature of documentary films has changed in the past 20 years from the cinema verity tradition. Landmark films such as The Thin Blue Line by Errol Morris incorporated stylized re-enactments, and Michael Moore’s Roger and Me placed far more interpretive control with the director. Indeed, the commercial success of these documentaries may derive from this narrative shift in the documentary form, leading some critics to question whether such films can truly be called documentaries; critics sometimes refer to these works as â€Å"mondo films† or â€Å"docu-ganda. † However, directorial manipulation of documentary subjects has been noted since the work of Flaherty, and may be endemic to the form. The recent success of the documentary genre, and the advent of DVDs, has made documentaries financially viable even without a cinema release. Yet funding for documentary film production remains elusive and within the past decade the largest exhibition opportunities have emerged from within the broadcast market, making filmmakers beholden to the tastes and influences of the broadcasters who have become their largest funding source. Modern documentaries have some overlap with television forms, with the development of â€Å"reality television† that occasionally verges on the documentary but more often veers to the fictional or staged. The making-of documentary shows how a movie or a computer game was produced. Usually made for promotional purposes, it is closer to an advertisement than a classic documentary. Modern lightweight digital video cameras and computer-based editing have greatly aided documentary makers, as has the dramatic drop in equipment prices. With more visualization effects and bolder directors on the rise, its future holds a firm ground in context to modern cinema. How to cite What Makes a Credible Documentary, Essay examples

Semiconductor Materials Solar Photovoltaic Cells †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells. Answer: Introduction: Most of the contemporary solar photovoltaic cells are made using silicon, which has an efficiency of about 25.6%. The theoretical limit of the efficiency obtainable when only one light absorbing material is used in the manufacture of the solar cells is 34%. The theoretical limit tends to increase and becomes about 46% when more than one light absorbing material is used. The use of tandem solar cells from two light-absorbing materials can then be such a good strategy in increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic solar cells(Kennedy, 2012). This will ensure increased efficiency at the same time maintaining low cost during manufacturing. The tandem solar cells in this analysis make use of silicon and metal-halide perovskite in the manufacture of the solar cells. Metal-halide perovskite is a material that has the ability to be manufactured at lower costs(Towler, 2014). This idea and analysis provides a platform for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells and provides an avenue for the manufacture of low cost and high-efficiency solar cells. It is important to observe the reaction of various solar cells materials to incoming light in order to gain a better understanding of why tandem solar cells have the ability to enhance efficiency. Sunlight has a range of energies from ultraviolet light through visible light and infrared light. Ultraviolet light and visible light have higher levels of energy that infrared light. A solar cell makes use of semiconducting material to absorb the light from the sun and change it into electrical power. The semiconductor has a special feature called bandgap that enables it to absorb light as well as extra energy from the absorbed light in the form of electricity. A tradeoff exists when the bandgap of absorbing material is being chosen. A smaller bandgap results into a wider energy range being absorbed from the sun thereby more current is being generated(Paranthaman, 2015). However, a smaller bandgap translates to a lower voltage of extracting the electrical current and since power is a produ ct of voltage and the current, it means there will be low power production. A contemporary silicon solar cell produces 0.5 V 12-volt solar panel produces 12*0.5= 17 V at peak Using a current of 3.5 A for the panel, the wattage can be estimated Power=Voltage * Current=17*3.5 =59.6 W A metal-halide perovskite, on the other hand, produced a voltage of 1.5V per cell Assuming a 12 voltage panel as the case with the silicon solar cell Total voltage=1.5*12=50V at peak Current=3.5 A Power of the solar panel=3.5*51 =178.5 W Efficiency of the metal-halide perovskite= (178.5-50)/50*100 =257% efficient This means that metal-halide perovskite conserves energy more than twice as much as the contemporary silicon solar cells. Metal-halide perovskite produces very high voltages as a result of the elimination of tradeoff as discussed below Tandems are important in reducing this tradeoff. When two absorbers are used, each of the absorbers will specialize in one portion of the solar spectrum as opposed to the case of a single absorber that will have to cover the whole spectrum(Towler, 2014). While the first absorber will be specializing in the ultraviolet and visible photons, the second absorber that will be lying just beneath the first one will specialize on the infrared photons. The use of these specialized absorbers greatly minimizes losses of energy when sunlight is lost in the form of heat rather than electric current. In this analysis, the metal-halide perovskite is used as the first absorber in trapping ultraviolet and visible light while silicon serves as the second absorber, capturing infrared light. The design develops two layers that are unique to a tandem solar cell and are not used in the contemporary solar cells. An electrically connecting layer known as a tunnel junction was made using silicon and was used to connect the two light absorbing materials. A transparent electrode was also made. The electrode conducts electricity at the same time allowing light to pass through it. The purpose of the transparent electrode was to connect the solar cell to the external wires to allow extraction of power(Hardyman, 2013). The transparent electrode was made from a mesh of silver nanowires, which resembles a chain link fence made of wires, which are thousands of times thinner than the diameter of the human hair. Using such layers, it is possible to start designing the other layers in solar cells with multiple layers. Metal-halide perovskite is increasingly becoming one of the most popular materials for photovoltaic cells. The term perovskite is used to define a crystalline structure of a material that is composed of three components in a ratio of 1:1:3. The metal-halide perovskite that is used in the making photovoltaic is three parts halide, one part metal, and one part an organic molecule. A semiconductor is formed when iodine, lead and methyl ammonium, which are the three parts of metal-halide perovskite used in photovoltaic, is combined. References Hardyman, R. (2013). How a Solar-Powered Home Works. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Kennedy, D. (2012). Rooftop Revolution: How Solar Power Can Save Our Economy-and Our Planet-from Dirty Energy. London: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Paranthaman, M. P. (2015). Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells. Oxford: Springer. Towler, B. F. (2014). The Future of Energy. London: Elsevier Science.

Sex in the Media free essay sample

Anyone who turns on the TV today can see that sex is a big factor in TV shows, commercials and just about everything on TV. Even shows that are intended for young children have some innuendos and even show kissing. The media in America has changed and continues to change how the youth and children of America view sex and its value. This paper will use examples of current shows in the media is affecting the youth in America. Back in the 1960’s the first time â€Å"The Brady Bunch† showed the mom and dad sleeping in the same bed there was uproar from the families all around America. When this happened the mom and dad were in their pajamas and were sitting in bed talking and not touching. Since that time sex has slowly become a very prevalent vein throughout the entertainment and even selling points on TV and on the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex in the Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some statistics of this are: * Estimated number of TV homes: 109. 6 million * Average time kids spend watching TV each day: 4 Hours Children spend more time watching television than in any other activity except sleep. Huston and Wright, University of Kansas. Television and Socialization of Young Children. * 54% of kids have a TV in their bedroom. Ibid * 44% of kids say they watch something different when theyre alone than with their parents (25% choose MTV) * 66% of children (ages 10 to 16) surveyed say that their peers are influenced by TV shows * 62% say that sex on TV shows and movies influences kids to have sex when they are too young * 77% say there is too much sex before marriage on television Pulled from http://www. parentstv. org/PTC/facts/mediafacts. asp) If 54% of children have a TV in their room and they watch different shows when alone than when they are with a parent – what are they getting from TV? Teens are saying that their SEX IN THE MEDIA3 friends and peers are being influenced by the shows and movies they are watching. Youth are even stating that there is too much premarital sex on TV. With this much sex being drilled into the minds of our youth there is little hope of them having strong moral values. The rise of social media has also become an issue with children and the increase of sex in the media. CNN reported that the growth of technology and social media has exploded over the recent years. One example used in this report was that by the age of 2 children already have histories online. By age 7 or 8 children are pretty proficient at using the computers. (Clinton/Steyer, 2012) Many adults joke about the fact that if they can’t fix their Smartphone all they have to do is take it to a child and that child will be able to accomplish what they can not figure out. With children being able to easily do so much with technology it is getting ever increasingly harder for parents to effectively monitor what their children are being subjected to when it comes to sex in the media. In TV shows like One Tree Hill, The Vampire Diaries, Gossip Girl and many other shows geared towards the teens of America, the characters sleep with just about every other character without much consequence or truly realizing what they are doing. For example, Gossip Girl is about people who live on the upper east side of New York City. This show starts out with the main character having just come back into town. She originally left town because she drank too much and had sex with her best friends boyfriend. Although there is a lot of drama when this all comes out in the show, it is quickly resolved and everyone gets along again before the end of the first season. In this show everyone sleeps with everyone and there are rarely, if ever, long SEX IN THE MEDIA4 term consequences. There are also only a few pregnancy scares and no mention f any Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Even during the day when kids are home there are shows on that are not age appropriate. Most of the time they are shows that are meant for adults to watch after the kids go to bed in the evening but they show the re-runs at all times of the day. And cartoons are not much better. There are even cartoons that are not meant for children, like Family Guy and South Park. In these shows many of these shows they make direct sexual comments and jokes and us es profanity often. Both of these cartoons are crude and are very much meant for adults but being that they are a cartoon, many kids can come across them and end up watching them. Unfortunately, with TV’s being in the bedrooms of over half the American children parents may not be able to provide parental discretion. Not to mention that many parents who have grown up with the rise of sex on TV do not realize that what their children are watching is affecting them. When TV first came into American culture very few shows even mentioned sex. Now, it mentioned regularly in the shows and commercials that we watch. Children younger than 8 cannot uniformly discriminate between real life and fantasy/entertainment†¦ They quickly learn that violence is an acceptable solution to resolving even complex problems, particularly if the aggressor is the hero. †Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ (Parents Television Council, 2005) According to this statistic, Children are being taught that what they see on TV is how real life is and this will inevitably affect them as they grow. To see how the media is changing the view of sex in the youth of America, go to a local high school and observe how the young ladies are dressing. More and more skin is allowed and SEX IN THE MEDIA5 very few of them understand how this affects their image in the world. On TV girls get away with wearing close to nothing and it seemingly does not affect the male characters in the show until â€Å"just the right time† when the girl wants them too. According to an article in Journal of the National Medical Association â€Å"In a study of 75 adolescent girls, in which half the girls were pregnant; the pregnant girls reported watching more soap operas than their non-pregnant counterparts and were less likely to believe that heir favorite soap opera stars used any form of birth control. † (Earles/Alexandar/Johnson/Liverpool/McGhee, 2002) In the media girls see that â€Å"everyone† is doing it but are rarely if ever taught about the adverse affects of â€Å"doing it†. Even when they are shown the adverse affects, everything seems to just work out no matter what. â€Å"In the most recent content analysis of American primetime TV, more than three-fourths of the shows had sexual content; yet less than 15% contained any references to responsible sexuality, abstinence, the risk of pregnancy, or the risk of sexually transmitted infections. (Brown, 2007) The problem with this is that teens are not learning how to be sexually active responsibly; they are just learning that they are supposed to be sexually active. Not only are they not learning the responsibility of the physical things that can happen they are not learning that sex is not just a physical act and that many people are hurt emotionally when things do not work out as they thing that it should and they have been sexually involved with that person. On TV the characters move on quickly and have little or not remorse about the bad decisions they have made and how their decisions usually do not affect only them but also those around them. The media is also not teaching the young men of America how to treat women with respect. In an article in the Academic Search Premier â€Å"Most of the messages concerned men SEX IN THE MEDIA6 seeing women as  sex  objects,  sex  as a competition,  sex  as a defining aspect of masculinity, and  sex  as fun and exciting (Ward, 1995). (Sommers/Gleason, 2001) Women in the media are shown more as sex symbols than as human beings worth the respect of men. In the media it is subtly taught that women should be treated nice but that they are just there for the use of men. Sex is also not usually shown as something that should happen when people fall in love. In the media sex is used as a weapon to gain what that person may need in that moment. Sex is also used to burn off steam and that sex is always fun. For example in the show Grey’s Anatomy a woman sleeps with one man while she is thinking about another man. This is how sex is depicted on the regular TV. There is another aspect of the media that is not only affecting the youth of America but is affecting families and the general public of the American people. This aspect of the media is pornography. Pornography is an industry that is â€Å"generating $13 billion in just the US in 2006†. (Bryant/Oliver, 2009) Pornography has grown from dirty magazines to videos and movies that are very easily accessible. Pornography used to be an industry that was looked down upon and was not socially acceptable. However, now watching porn is something that is almost considered normal for guys to watch. The magazine sales have decreased over the years only to be replaced by channels of porn on cable and pay per view. Then internet is also growing immensely when it comes to pornography. Anyone can go onto Google or any other search engine and just type in the word porn and hundreds of pages come up where a person can view hours of pornographic videos and images. Without parental controls on computers children can easily run across these sites and see images that they are too young to understand. SEX IN THE MEDIA7 Because the media has increased the amount of sex, the view of sex is ever changing in America. This change is not good because it is working for people to see each other as something that they can use. The media is not teaching the youth of America to respect one another or that sex is important. It is teaching that sex is a part of life that feels good but has little to no consequences. This is not a real life outlook on sex and in the long run it is going to severely hurt the morals that the youth of America are already losing on a daily basis.

Sound Progressexxon valdez 5 pgs essays

Sound Progressexxon valdez 5 pgs essays The Exxon Valdez oil spill in the Prince William Sound of Alaska proved to be a disaster on many levels. The coastline, wildlife, and people of the all area were all devastated by the spill. Ten years later, the area is showing remarkable progress. Because of the cleanup efforts and new regulations, the Sound is getting ever closer to recovery. A few minutes after midnight on March 24, 1989, the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound. A few minutes later the coast guard received a radio message from the ships captain, Joseph Hazelwood: Weve fetched up ah hard aground north of Goose Island off Bligh Reef, and ah evidently leaking some oil. Were going to be here for a while.(Knickerbocker, Big Spill 12) That radio call was the beginning of the worst oil spill in United States history. The some oil that Hazelwood was referring to ended up being an estimated 11 million gallons of crude oil. The oil covered nearly 1,300 miles of shoreline and eventually reached beaches 470 miles away. (McAllister C14). At the time of the spill, officials had no immediate plan for cleaning up the oil. The spill struck in a remote part of a state where the population of caribou easily outnumbers people. Spokesman for the Govoners office David Ramseur agreed. You need a lot of people and a lot of equipment, and we dont have enough.(McAllister C14) At the time, that statement was sadly true. The area just wasnt prepared to handle a spill of that magnitude. Other than the coastline, the spill also effected the local residents of the area, primarily the regions wildlife. The spill ultimately killed more than 250,000 seabirds, at least 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 150 bald eagles, and 14 to 22 killer whales, along with billions of herring eggs. (number6) This proved to be equally detrimental...

Crisis Management unit 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crisis Management unit 3 - Essay Example Their print ad defense was found in a full page ad that read â€Å"Thank You For Suing Us† followed by a 5 paragraph explanation of why the lawsuit was filed based upon misinformation. After the ad was a promise from the president of Taco Bell, Greg Creed that they would prosecute anyone who made or continued to make false claims about the fastfood chain's products (Morrisey, Brian â€Å"Taco Bell Response to Beef Lawsuit: Sarcasm†). The company also took to social media networks Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube to help counter the negative publicity by having Creed videotape his statement explaining how Taco Bell uses their beef and how the product is created. A Twitter campaign in defense of Taco Bell was launched using #Beef and #TacoBell. (â€Å"'Thank You For Suing Us': Taco Bell Fights Beef Lawsuit with Full-Page Ads†). Due to the open disclosure strategy that the legal and publicity think tank of Taco Bell developed, the plaintiff(s), represented by Dee Mile s of the law firm of Beasley, Allen, Crow, Methvin, Portis, & Miles were forced to drop the suit in April 2011. While Taco Bell maintains that no deal was agreed upon prior to the lawsuit withdrawal, MIles claims that Taco Bell agreed to change the way they advertise and market their products (Stempel, Jonathan â€Å"Taco Bell Lawsuit Dropped After Dismissal by Plaintiff†). Other restaurants in the past have also faced image crushing lawsuits that were successfully controlled through proper crisis management. One of these cases involves the 2006 lawsuit faced by Rubio's Restaurants Inc. A regular client of the restaurant sued the company claiming that the restaurant was engaged in misleading advertising. The claim was that the restaurant substituted Langostino lobsters for the Maine lobster being used in their lobster tacos and burritos. The company came out of the lawsuit with minimal damage after providing restaurant clients in California, where the case was filed, with cus tomers coupons (â€Å"'Thank You For Suing Us': Taco Bell Fights Beef Lawsuit with Full-Page Ads†). What makes the crisis mitigation of this case different from the others is that the restaurant allowed a ruling to be handed down with the company agreeing to the settlement deal. While admitting guilt, the company also made amends for its admitted errors. Then there was also the case of Wendy's where a woman claimed to have found part of a finger in her chili. Wendy's eventually got the case against them dismissed due to evidence presented in relation to the heat at which the Chili is cooked and the fact that the finger found in the Chili served to the plaintiff, Anna Ayala, was raw. Ayala eventually dropped her lawsuit claiming emotional stress (â€Å"Fast Food Finger Finder Drops Lawsuit†). The plaintiff was instead sentenced to 9 years in prison after a police investigation revealed that she was a serial fast food law suit filer and that the finger found in her Chili was planted by Ayala herself. Wendy's won back their clients and cleaned up their tarnished image through careful and effective public relations campaigns (â€Å"'Thank You Fo

A Heightened Agent Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Heightened Agent - Coursework Example After having supper, I lit up the cigarette, placed it between my lips, and tried to smoke right beside my mother. Understandably, I choked out because I had never smoked before and my lungs were not used to allowing the in-pour of smoke. My mother snatched the cigarette from me and tore it to pieces. To this day, I regret how upset I had made her. This shows that â€Å"errors in cultural performance committed by post-adolescents are generally seen as more serious and are more likely to arouse direct criticism, punishment, or other sanctions† (Hirschfeld 612). Back then, I perceived my parents, especially my mother as the foundation of our structure. My mother always has rules and principles that everyone must abide by. While many people experience a shift in the structure today, my structure is based on my parents even today. I think it is because of the fact that I have become more responsible, caring, and respectful toward my parents over the passage of time than I was as a child.

Missionary Journeys And Strategy Of Paul Religion Essay

Missionary Journeys And Strategy Of Paul Religion Essay The purpose of this essay is to describe appropriate examples and strategy Paul used for his missionary journey that can be considered for 21st Century missions. The way I plan to structure my essay; I will explore theology books to find out what the authors say of Pauls missionary journeys. I will compare the authors opinions and then I will search the Bible scripture and give reference as evidence. I will begin my essay and describe from the book of Acts the call of God upon the Apostle Pauls life to the mission fields. The book of Acts describe how the Apostle Paul became a missionary (Acts 9) says Paul had a supernatural encounter with the Lord Jesus on the road to Damascus. Paul was temporarily with out vision. A disciple named Ananias had a vision of the Lord that he should go and pray for Paul. Ananias prayed for Paul and his sight was restored. (Acts 9:20) Paul was filled with the Holy Spirit and he went out to the Synagogue and preached the Gospel. The Bible says in (Acts 13:2-3) the Apostle Paul gave himself as an example to follow Jesus Christ, Paul fasted and prayed when Paul received the baptism of the Holy Spirit, he preached in different parts of the world for Jesus Christ. (Acts 16:13) says when Paul went to Philippi he had a prayer meeting at the riverside. Paul prayed and miracles happened, the Holy Spirit used him. B. Paul used the name of Jesus. The authors give reference to scholars who write their opinion of the missionary work Paul did. J. Louis Martyn, refers to Wilckens and Vielhauer who says how extensively however, did he function as a teacher of the scriptures? Specifically, did he take it as one of his tasks regularly to offer lengthy and detailed exegetical discourses to his congregations? His letters suggest no such thing. . Geoffrey Harris wrote first, his methods of reaching out to the Gentile world by first creating a Jewish Christian community; then, identifying and training leaders for the nascent churches; third, by deepening understanding of and commitment to the gospel in order to strengthen the churches in maturity. . Joseph Plevnik gives reference to Fitzmyer, he says what the apostle inherited from his Hellenistic and Jewish backgrounds, what he borrowed from tradition, and what he arrived at through his missionary experience, is all uniquely transformed by his knowledge of Christ, which he received at Damascus. . I have studied the theories of J. Louis Martyn and Geoffrey Harris, and Joseph Plevnik; The following Bible scriptures say Paul was dependent on the Holy Spirit. (1 Corinthians 2:13) and (1 Corinthians 2: 4) (Luke 4:16-20) The Bible scriptures say Paul taught from scripture, he preached the gospel in the synagogues. (Acts 17:1) says Paul preached at a synagogues at Thessalonica, (Acts 14: 9-10) says Paul prayed for a crippled man with faith and told him to stand up the man was healed. J. Louis Martyn, who referred to Wilckens and Vielhauer goes on to say, that Paul made verbal attacks against scriptural instructions. The book of (Acts 17:16) says Paul was angered when he saw Athens, because the city of Athens was given to idols. I have studied the Bible scriptures and compared the authors opinions and I dont share the same view as, Wilckens and Vielhauer, however I have found Geoffrey Harris and Joseph Plevniks, opinions to be scriptural I prefer their views. Geoffrey Harris describes the strategy, Paul used to establish the churches. Joseph Plevnik says Paul received his knowledge through the experience he had with Jesus Christ on the road to Damascus. The Bible says, Paul wrote letters to Churches in Rome, Ephesians Philippians and Philemon. Paul would start his letters with a greeting and he would end his letters with a farewell (Act 9:15) and (Acts 11:1) say Paul wanted to reach the Jews and the Gentiles with the salvation message of Jesus Christ. The authors Martin Dibelius he refers to critical scholars, Joseph A. Grassi and Bernard T. Smyth describe their opinion of Pauls missionary work in spreading the Gospel. Martin Dibelius, refers to critical scholars and says scholars have referred for instance to improbability of certain scenes, as for example, to the fact that Paul assumes towards the Jewish Christians in Jerusalem a yielding attitude which we cannot possibly believe he would have adopted. . Joseph A. Grassi wrote one of the great reasons why Christianity spread like wildfire through the world in the first three centuries was precisely this that it was a proclamation of freedom addressed to a world. . Bernard T. Smyth, says to get this matter of Paul and prayer into perspective, it is useful to recall how, before the advent of Paul, the young Christian community was already very much a community of prayer. I have studied the theories of Martin Dibelius and Joseph A. Grassi and Bernard T. Smyth. Martin Dibelius referred to critical scholars who said, they cannot possibly believe that Paul, adopted a yielding attitude. The book of (Acts Chapter 9) says after Paul had a supernatural encounter with the Lord Jesus on the Road to Damascus, Paul was supernaturally transformed when he received the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Jesus gave Paul a yielding attitude that enabled him to carry out his missionary work. Joseph A. Grassi describes his beliefs why Christianity spread throughout the world and the announcement of freedom in Christ Jesus. Bernard T. Smyth says that the Early Church was a praying community. The book of (Acts 14:23) says the early Church fasted and prayed. I have compared the views of the critical scholars and Joseph A. Grassi and Bernard T. Smyth, and I prefer the opinions of Joseph A. Grassi and Bernard T. Smyth, in contrast to the critical scholars, they have referred to Biblical scripture. Therefore the balance of the agreement is in favor with the view of Joseph A. Grassi and Bernard T. Smyth. Tom Wright, says Paul urges, the many splendoured wisdom of God must be made known to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places. . Krister Stendahl, says, Paul tells the Church, Jews and Gentiles in Rome, that his call to the mission fields is the plan of God. . I have looked at the views of, Tom Wright, he says Gods word must be made known to the principalities and powers in heavenly places and Krister Stendahl says, Pauls call to the mission fields was Gods plan. The book of (Ephesians 6:12) says the battle is not against flesh or blood but against principalities and powers of darkness in high places. The book of (Acts 13:1-3) says The Holy Spirit selected Paul for his mission work. I have studied the views of the authors and have compared them with the Bible scriptures after analysing the scriptures. I prefer the view of both the authors Tom Wright and Krister Stendahl. C. The Early Church Fasted and Prayed. The book of Acts describes the strategies Paul used for his missionary work. Paul took the message of the Gospel to the Gentiles and taught of the authority of Jesus Christ and his power. The strategy Paul used he fasted and prayed and achieved his missionary journey through prayer. The Bible says Paul would minister to groups of people in the Synagogue; meeting with groups of Christians, in Church is a good way of spreading the Gospel of Jesus Christ, today. Paul wrote letters to communicate to the Churches, at that time there was not the technology there is today, such as the Internet, a telephone Christian television, Christian radio, tapes, or CDs, and DVDs. Today there are Christian organizations, such as Christian training courses, and Bible colleges and Church buildings that can be considered appropriate examples for 21st Century missions.