Summary 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary 3 - Essay Example Effectively, this gives the teachers, students, and stakeholders in these systems little faith that conditions will improve. The article represents challenges in school districts after a study conducted by The Broad Foundation. The study identified 75 challenges that explain three phenomena that affect the public schools system. In the first phenomena, the article provides fifteen challenges that explain the reasons why resources failed to reach the classroom. These include, ineffective monitoring of expenses, unnecessary duplication of resources, overspending in construction maintenance, poor communication within the organization, slow central office systems, severe budget cuts, and many other examples. Secondly, the challenges explain the reasons that contribute to teacher’s failure to receive the support that they required to play their roles effectively. These challenges include the lack of access to proven interventions for struggling students, practices to grow professionally, challenging curriculum and technology. Conversely, the bar for teaching and learning is also low while teachers also lack adequate information on students’ progress, and many other challenges. The challenges identify challenges that go forth to explain why policies and procedures failed to allow the school system to pursue its mission. For instance, stagnation of the status quo for adults, inconsistency in orders from above, differences in scientific research in educational disciplines, the lack of strategic plans, and other challenges contributing to this phenomenon. In conclusion, the article identifies the importance of transforming the public school system in order to ensure that American students competed with other students academically. Importantly, the article identifies the importance of collaborative efforts in eliminating these challenges in order to eliminate bureaucracy and enhance the process of

Discovering The Gender Pay Gap

Discovering The Gender Pay Gap The problem of gender differences in salary raises a lot of concerns as to its factors, processes and measurement among social scientists and policy makers all over the world. Gender-based inequality is a phenomenon that affects the majority of the worlds cultures, religions, nations and income groups [5]. When scientists speak of the gender gap these days, they are usually referring to systematic differences in the outcomes that men and women achieve in the labor market. These differences are seen in the percentages of men and women in the labor force, the types of occupations they choose, and their relative incomes or hourly wages [4]. There have been significant increases in the labor supply of women in the last decades both in developed and developing countries. For instance, in the United States female participation in the paid labor force changed drastically in the course of the 20th century: in 1880 only 17% of all American women at working ages participated in the labor market, by 2000 this number had risen to more than 60% [3]. Nevertheless, the Global Gender Gap Index 2007 showing that no country in the world has yet reached equality between women and men the highest ranking country has closed a little over 80% of its gender gap while the lowest ranking country has closed only a little over 45% of its gender gap. Factors that describe the gender pay gap Among various factors that describe the gender pay gap the most important ones are historical, cultural and economic. Describing historical factors of the gender pay gap, we have to mention that after industrialization women became secondary workers in the labor market; they entered the labor market in smaller numbers and for shorter periods than did men. Moreover, occupations and industries were highly segregated by sex, partly because employers developed explicit policies to segregate the workplace and bar married women from employment [4]. Hence the wage structure changes over time but the historical evolution of well-defined systems of jobs and firms has created relatively stable segmentation by occupation. As for cultural factors, they are closely connected to the historical events. The development of modern family patterns during the past decades has been accompanied by substantial changes in social norms, values and gender relations all over the world. In most of modern societies women with higher returns to human capital and fewer children, increase their investments in education and their attachment to the market. The economic factors are also very important. Because women are very likely to interrupt their career for children bearing period, and employers avoiding workers with high quit rates (for economic reasons), therefore, women comparing to men are less likely to receive stable well-paid jobs. Micro-level processes that cause the gender pay gap As wage differences among workers can be explained by processes that match individuals to jobs, we should research how individual women and men are sorted into different positions and thereby obtain different levels of reward. Margaret Mooney Marini and Pi-Ling Fan have conducted a research The gender gap in earnings at career entry in which the micro-level mechanisms of the gender wage gap were investigated. Those are gender differences in job-related skills and credentials, adult family roles, work and family aspirations, the availability and use of information and influence via social networks; gender discrimination in hiring and job placement by employers. The results of the research showed that explanatory mechanisms focusing on the characteristics of workers explained only 30 % of the gender difference in wages. But the gender differences in aspirations and in job-related skills and credentials were the most important in accounting for the gender pay gap. The allocation of women and men to different jobs by employers, and informal processes of social contact and social interaction via networks play an important role in wage determination at career entry. Moreover, gender differences in family structure had no significant direct effect when the effect of worker qualifications and aspirations were considered [6]. How to measure the gender gap One of the instruments to measure the gender gap is the Global Gender Gap Index introduced by the World Economic Forum. This index is a framework for capturing the magnitude of gender disparities. It aims to be a tool for benchÂÂ ­marking and tracking global gender-based inequalities on economic, political, education- and health-based criteria [5]. The structure of this index is in the Appendix. In this paper we are interested only in the economic participation and opportunity analyzed by the Index. This area is captured through three concepts: the participaÂÂ ­tion gap, the remuneration gap and the advancement gap. The participation gap is captured through the difference in labor force participation rates. The remuneration gap is captured through a hard data indicator (ratio of estimated female-to-male earned income) and a qualitative variable calculated through the World Economic Forums ExecuÂÂ ­tive Opinion Survey (wage equality wages for similar work). Finally, the gap between the advancement of women and men is captured through two hard data statistics (the ratio of women to men among legislators, senior officials and managers, and the ratio of women to men among technical and professional workers). Conclusion The gender gap is a difference in outcomes that men and women achieve in the labor market. Because labor market rewards derive from labor market positions, it is important to understand why women receive less rewarding positions and what the mechanism of the gender pay gap is. There are historical, cultural and economic factors that influence gender pay gap. Historically occupations are segregated by sex, but women return to human capital more often than in the past and decrease their quit rates during childbearing period. Among micro-level processes that cause gender pay gap, the most important are gender differences in aspirations, job-related skills and definite social networks inclusion. In order to measure gender gap scientists use the Global Gender Gap Index which examines the gap between men and women in four fundamental categories: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, health and survival. Appendix. Structure of the Global Gender Gap Index

The Brink of War :: history

The Brink of War In 1914, there were many things that placed Europe at the brink if war. Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, social darwinism, and Jingoes where five of the main forces that were pushing Europe to the brink of war. Another main force was the development of Alliance systems. These ideas and systems threatened the balance of power which could then cause a major war to break out. In Europe at the time, there were many ideas which were causing friction. Nationalism, which was the desire for a country was causing friction because people in old empires sought to be free. The leaders of these people would not be happy and a war would definitely break out. If they became free they would also need to take land from someone else and this again may cause a war and usually did. Another idea which was contributing to the shifts of power in Europe was Militarism. This was when a country believed its power was reflected in its army. They believed that war was the right thing to do and that all countries needed to be ready for war. If a country felt they had a lot of power they would, no doubt, try to conquer a weaker neighbor or just any other country. Imperialism which was the countries want to build an empire was another reason. For a country to become an empire they would have to colonize and conquer other territories. This would easily start wars and it's not that hard to figure out why. A good example of this is Italy. They wanted to become an empire so they attacked a country which they thought was weaker then them(Abyssinia). This caused a war which in the end was won by Abyssinia. Another cause was the idea of social darwinism. This meant the survival of the fittest. The best would win and the weaker would parish. The stronger country would attack weaker countries and in the end the weaker would usually lose. This caused a lot of tension just like militarism. The last of the ideas, was the idea of jingoes. These were people who lived for war. All they wanted was to go to war. Jingoes where very aggresive talkers and they caused a lot of friction between many countries. These ideas where some of the main reasons Europe was pushed to the brink of war.

Adaptation & Accountability Essay

There are a lot of measures where accountability can be checked in a workplace. However, there are still a lot of companies that mess up with such processes. Accountability is important in the workplace especially that most companies are grounded in some sort of bureaucracy where someone is supervising a department and supervisors report to managers and so on. It is only through an accountability measures that work in such setup could be well done. Accountability does not only involve accepting a work and doing it, â€Å"true accountability involves taking ownership of your work and viewing your job as a stakeholder would (www.iaap-hq.org).† On the other hand, Robert Staub defines accountability as â€Å"a systemic issue and must be understood in terms of a systems approach if it is to really work in any group, family or organization. It is a system of individuals, linked in a chain of mutuality, taking personal and group responsibility to achieve something meaningful.† In a publishing company where I work, a lot of papers are involved as an accountability measure and they are effective. It is necessary for people to sign in or complete forms before the next process is to be completed especially for writers because they are fully responsible to the articles they write. At the start of every magazine issue, an article checklist is given to the writer in duplicate. This checklist contains the column title, article title, writer’s name, layout artist’s name, date submitted/completed and remarks. This form should be accomplished and one copy be returned to the Editor-in Chief. That form is used by the editor to follow-up the status of the articles being written or submitted to the writer. There is another form called the status report. This is almost the same as the checklist but in expanded and more detailed form. This is also accomplished in duplicate, one for the writer, the other for the layout artist. The chart contains the column title, article title and writer’s name, edited, first proof, second proof, photo and press. This guides the writer in the status of the folder he/she is processing for completion. He/she will enter the dates in the given columns to see whether everything is already completed or not. It helps the artists to countercheck whether he/she is putting the appropriate photos or the right bylines in the right articles. Sometimes, these status reports are checked by the supervisor to see whether the printing press can accommodate the printing of the magazines at a given time or if it needs to be outsourced. Moreover, it also helps the coordinator to track the articles of contributors and to follow them up. Those charts were designed to tell who is accountable for such work especially when there are errors. The employees may lie but the papers they have accomplished themselves not. Those are also necessary for evaluation purposes at the end of the publication cycle. The department may know how to be become more effective and efficient in terms of workforce and resources. These processes are made clear at the onset of training for new employees and they are mutual agreement in the department. Deborah Mackin in her article Growing Responsibility and Accountability in the Workplace, proposed the RACI Chart as one of the tools which may be similar of that above. The RACI stands for Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed. It will help people to know their responsibilities, who is accountable for such work, whom he or she is accountable to, who will be consulted and how and who to inform. Basically, such chart should be present in a workplace so the management is certain why are they hiring people and people are particular at the jobs they have to accomplish. References â€Å"Accountability in Today’s Workplace.† Retrieved December 12, 2008 from http://www.iaap-hq.org/OfficeTeam_CareerCenter/accountability_in_todays_workplace.htm Staub, R. 2005. Accountability and its role in the workplace. The Business Journal of the Greater Triad Area. Retrieved December 12, 2008 from http://www.bizjournals.com/triad/stories/2005/01/17/smallb3.html Mackin, Deborah. _______. Growing Responsibility and Accountability in the Workplace. Retrieved December 12, 2008 from http://www.sideroad.com/Management/accountability-in-the-workplace-responsibility.html

God and Mephistopheles Essay

In the prologue of Faust, Mephisto entered into agreement with the Lord. What are the terms of the agreement, and how does he go about attempting to win? What exactly does achieve in the process? In the beginning of the tragedy there is a dialogue between God and Mephistopheles. Mephistopheles says that people can’t use their mind in the right way. God argues and gives an example of Faust’s serving to Him and to people. Then Mephistopheles asks permission to put Faust on any trial because he wants to prove that Faust will fail. He obtains such permission but God is sure that Faust will feel the right way and that he will be saved. So, the struggle for Faust’s soul begins. As Faust is anxious about finding the highest sense of life, Mephistopheles wants to show the delights to Faust. They deal that if the scientist wants a moment to stay forever, he will be Mephistopheles’ servant. He tries to tempt him with the help of beautiful women Margaret and then Helen, but Faust can’t get a full happiness with them. The author reveals this idea by Helen’s words while her disappearing: â€Å"Alas, the ancient word proves true for me, as well: That joy and beauty never lastingly unite. † Mephistopheles also tries to arouse Faust’s desire to glory and worship but these attempts have no success. Finally Faust wishes the moment to stay forever, but Mephistopheles doesn’t win. It happens when he is building dam in order to help the people who suffer from floods. This wish is altruistic and that’s why Faust is saved. He finds the highest sense of life in common action that is necessary for everybody and that is realized by everybody. Outline some of the themes in Faust, and explain one briefly. In my opinion, it is possible to outline such themes of the tragedy as struggle between good and evil that occurs at global and private levels, the failure of the human ambitions to control and to change the nature and the natural phenomenon, the eternal search of the highest sense of life. The last theme is the main one of the tragedy, because Faust is anxious about getting absolute happiness. The temptations that Mephistopheles proposed to Faust couldn’t bring real and lasting joy. It means that people can hardly be happy when they rely on the things that pass soon as feeling in love and using the power upon people and glory. Feeling in love is wonderful, but it doesn’t guarantee the happiness. People are selfish and they do harm to their nearest very often. The example of the relationships between Faust and Margaret confirms this thought, because the main character’s selfish desire was a reason of Margaret death and the murders of her mother, child and brother. So, the idea of serving to people is contrasted to the selfish wishes of people. Faust was saved because his final deed was philanthropic. By the example of Faust Goethe shows us that a person always feel deep inside what is right and what is wrong but unfortunately it doesn’t mean that everybody finds the true sense of life. Compare and contrast the uses and/or criticism of religion in Hamlet and Faust. The Hamlet’s problem contains more philosophic and social aspects than religious ones. He struggles with the time he lives in and tries to improve it but he fails. Unsuccessful attempts of changing the world that doesn’t fit with Hamlet’s ideals results his fatalism and the final events of the tragedy. Hamlet doubts in the right of the events of global concern and that’s why his attitude towards religion is also doubtful. In his main monologue Hamlet supposes that death is a means of solving the problems of life. This thought doesn’t fit to the Christian ideas which had to be close for him. To my mind, the ideas of â€Å"Faust† are opposite to the ones of â€Å"Hamlet†. Goethe develops the plot of the tragedy with the help of such characters as God and Mephistopheles that demonstrates the authors’ persuasion that people are ruled by the supernatural essences. The fact that Faust is working on New Testament’s translation also reveals the idea of constant interaction between people and God. Goethe thinks that serving to people and serving to God are equal virtues. The fact that Mephistopheles couldn’t win the agreement also confirms the religious idea of constant victory of good. The main characters of the world literature’s masterpieces Hamlet and Faust are compared with each other frequently. Their personalities are alike because both of them try to struggle with the world order and challenge the destiny. Faust is going to know all the secrets of nature and his way to improve his own life and the whole world is scientific. What about Hamlet, he broadens the tragedy of his family to a global scale that’s why his thoughts about injustice concern not only his uncle but the human’s life. The first of act of Hamlet reveals that the ghost of his father assigns Hamlet an ambiguous duty. What are these duties, and using the text effectively, explain the one you think Hamlet’s satisfied? In the first act Hamlet knows from the Ghost of his father that he was killed and the Ghost asks him to revenge to Hamlet’s uncle for this murder. Though, the most important thing while revenging is to keep the soul innocent: â€Å"But, howsoever thou pursuest this act, Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught†¦Ã¢â‚¬  To my mind, Hamlet couldn’t execute such necessary conditions. Finally he revenges to Claudius, but as a result not only Hamlet’s mother died. Ophelia, Laertes, Polonius also became victims of the revenge. In the beginning the Hamlet’s soul doubted about the ways of the vengeance and he suffered a lot from these doubts, but the view of warriors has a great influence on him. The warriors are going to fight because of the land that their ruler doesn’t want to rent. The fact that twenty thousands of people are going to die because the honor of the king is wounded makes him decide that his thoughts and actions should be bloody and ruthless. He can’t keep his soul clear because, to my mind, his fault for the deaths of people that are close to him finally destroys his conscience.

Reading Key Essay Example

Reading Key Essay Example Reading Key Essay Reading Key Essay Know: Old World, New World Are the terms old world and new world biased? Old World : Europeans fleeing poverty religious persecution. New World: North America 1. What conditions existed in what is today the United States that made it fertile ground for a great nation? Abundant natural resources Prior inhabitance cultivation of the land by the Native Americans The Shaping of North America Know: Great Basin:Lake Bonneville covering most of Idaho Utah today-it drained into the Pacific- drained the west through the Snake River Columbia River system. Lake Bonneville’s beaches are visible 1,000 ft. up of the floor of the Great Basin. Salt Lake lost its outlet and evaporation caused it to become saline. Appalachian Mountains: Formed before continental separation. 350 million yrs. Ago. Tidewater Region: Caused by many river valleys. Slope upward to the Appalachians. Rocky Mountains: 135-25 million yrs. ago after continental separation. Great Lakes: weight of the ice caused depressions in the Canadian Shield.This scoured away the topsoil Missouri Mississippi-Ohio River System: Drained the level of the Great Lakes. 2. Speculate how at least one geographic feature affected the development of the United States. Select a geographic region, explain how the geographic feature affected the development of the United States in each of the following time periods: 1500-1763 1800-1900 1900-2008 The First Discoverers of America Know: Land Bridge: 35,000 yrs ago the oceans congealed causing the sea level to drop, and exposing the land brid ge between Siberia and Alaska. Nomad crossed the land bridge.About 10,000 years ago, as the Ice Age ended, sea levels began to rise and the land bridge was covered with water once again. 3. Before the arrival of Europeans, the settlement of the Americas was insignificant. Assess this statement. Insignificant infers that lower population levels were inferior to the larger population levels in other parts of the world. Also, new research suggests that the native populations of North America were actually much higher than previously thought. The Earliest Americans Know: Maize: corn- transformed groups into agricultural societies as it spread throughout the Americas.Aztecs: Nation-state in present day Mexico Incas: Nation-state in present-day Mexico Pueblo: maize reached the American southwest around 1200 bc. Rio Grande Valley established irrigation systems for their corn. Multistoried terraced buildings (pueblo means village in Spanish) Mound Builders: Chaokia: 40,000 in 1100 A. D. ar ound 1300 population began to decline. (Monk’s Mound) Creek, Choctoaw, Cherokee were among the highest populations. Three-sister Farming: corn, squash, beans. Beans grew up corn stalk and squash retained moisture in soil. Cherokee: Iroquois: Northeastern woodlands, democratic political system . Describe some of the common features of North American Indian culture. Agricultural- yet impermanent settlements. Did not attempt to dominate nature Use quotes from pages 9-10 in textbook. They were so thinly spread across the continent that vast areas were virtually untouched by a human presence. 4 million†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Indirect Discoverers of the New World Know: Vinland: From Scandanavia 1,000 AD, Newfoundland (covered in wild grapes- hence the name vinland) Crusaders: 1300’s crusaders seeking to free holy land from Muslim control. This gave Europe a taste for foreign goods i. e: ilk, spices, drugs, perfumes- ***sugarMerchants ought cheaper means for the transportation of goods. Venice: Italian trading city Genoa: Italian trading city Describe the impact of sugar and the development of Europe’s sweet tooth on the colonization of the Americas. 5. What caused Europeans to begin exploring? Europeans were in search of cheaper trade routes from the East to the West. Europeans Enter Africa Know: Marco Polo: 1295 AD he returned from China. Increased European desires for goods. Caravel: Before its invention Europeans would not sail around the coast of Africa. 1450 invented by Portuguese allowed them to sail more directly into the wind.Bartholomew Diaz: Rounded the tip of Africa in 1488 (Portuguese) Portugal had control of the African coast Vasco da Gama: Reached India in 1498 Ferdinand and Isabella: rid Spain of the infidels (the Moors) Wanted to rival Portugal for power. Moors: Muslims who fought the Christians in Spain 6. What were the results of the Portuguese explorations of Africa? Exposure to slave trade by Africans and Arabs led to their own es tablishment of slave trade networks Slaves used to work on sugar plantations. Set up gold trading posts on the west coast Columbus Comes upon a New World Know: Columbus: 1492 7.What developments set the stage for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history? Europeans desired cheaper products from foreign lands Africa was a cheap labor source Long-range navigation was possible Spain was rising in power as a nation-state Renaissance the spread of knowledge When Worlds Collide Know: Corn: Potatoes: Sugar: Columbus brought over seedl ings of sugar cane Horses: Smallpox: Hispaniola population dropped from 1 million to 200 in 50 years. 8. Explain the positive and negative effects of the Atlantic Exchange. Positive negative effects can be argues for almost everything: Cattle HorsesPigs Maize, mantioc, sweet potatoes to Africa The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Only a small minority were actually nobility. Most were professional soldiers sailors. The rest were peasants ans artisans. Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494 Treaty to discovery of Columbus dividing land b/t Spain and Portugal. Most of the land went to Spain, but Portugal got more land in Africa. Vasco Nunez Balboa: Spanish discoverer of Pacific Ocean of Pananma 1513 claimed washed by that sea. Ferdinand Magellan: Sailed around the world Juan Ponce de Leon: Sailed to FL Francisco Coronado: From Mexico east through AZ NM. He encountered the PueblosHernando de Soto: From the East crossed the Mississippi. Particularly brutal to Native Am. Francisco Pizarro: Destroyed the Incas in 1532. Encomienda: Basically enslavement of the natives in return for conversion to Christianity 9. Were the conquistadors great men? Explain. They were great at destroying the existence of native societies of the Americas Makers of America: The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Granada: Moorish stronghold in Spain (city) 1492 it fell to the Spanish after a 10 year siege. For 500 years the Christian kingdoms of Spain had been attempting to ri d the area of the North African Muslims Moors: North African Muslims Reconquista: Ended as a result of Moorish defeat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The religious zealotry intolerance of the Spanish was now focuses on the New World frontier. 10. Were the conquistadors motives successfully fulfilled? Explain. Their individual dreams of glory were not attained. Most had to give booty to their commanders and later the Spanish crown tightened control of the loot. The Conquest of Mexico Know: Hernan Cortez: Conquerer of the Aztecs Tenochtitlan: Aztec capital city Montezuma: Leader of the Aztecs Mestizos: mix race of Aztecs Spanish 11. Why was Cortez able to defeat the powerful Aztecs? Guns diseaseThe Spread of Spanish America Know: John Cabot: Giovanni da Verazano: Jacques Cartier: St. Augustine: New Mexico: Don Juan De Onate led Spansih into the Rio Grande Valley in 1598. In the Battle of Acoma, 1599, the Spanish severed the foot of each survivor. The called this area New Mexico and in 1609 founded its capital in Santa Fe. Popes Rebellion: 1680, the native Americans destroyed all Catholic Churches and killed preiests and Spanish settlers. The Indians built kivas ceremonial religious chamber on the ruins on the Spanish plaza at Santa Fe. Mission Indians: In CA, San Deigo†¦attempt of Spaniards to convert Indians.These Indians not only lost contact with native culture but were also very susceptible to disease. Black Legend: That Spanish had butchered the natives, stole their gold, and infected them with smallpox. The Spanish actually did a better job of incorporating native cultures into their own than the English did. 12. What is the Black Legend, and to what extent does our text agree with it? The textbook rejects this legend overall. I’m skeptical of the textbook’s treatment of this topic. CHAPTER 2: THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH COLONIES GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Englands Imperial Stirrings Know: Henry VIII:Queen Elizabeth: Catholic Ireland: 13. Why was England sl ow to establish New World colonies? Elizabeth Energizes England Know: Francis Drake: Sir Walter Raleigh: Virginia: Spanish Armada: 14. What steps from 1575-1600 brought England closer to colonizing the New World? England on the Eve of Empire Know: Enclosure Movement: Primogeniture: Joint-stock company: 15. Explain how conditions in England around 1600 made the country ripe to colonize North America. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling Know: Virginia Company: Jamestown: John Smith: Powhatan: Pocahontas: Starving Time: Lord De La Warr: 16.Give at least three reasons that so many of the Jamestown settlers died. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Know: Powhatans Confederacy: Anglo-Powhatan Wars: 17. What factors led to the poor relations between Europeans and Native Americans in Virginia? Virginia: Child of Tobacco Know: John Rolfe: Tobacco: House of Burgesses: 18. By 1620 Virginia had already developed many of the features that were important to it two centuries later. Explain. Maryla nd: Catholic Haven Know: Lord Baltimore: Indentured Servants: Act of Toleration: 19. In what ways was Maryland different than Virginia? The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland AmericaKnow: West Indies: Sugar: Barbados Slave Code: 20. What historical consequences resulted from the cultivation of sugar instead of tobacco in the British colonies in the West Indies? Colonizing the Carolinas Know: Oliver Cromwell: Charles II: Rice: 21. Why did Carolina become a place for aristocratic whites and many black slaves? The Emergence of North Carolina Know: Tuscarora: 22. North Carolina was called a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit. Explain. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony Know: James Oglethorpe: 23. In what ways was Georgia unique among the Southern colonies?Makers of America: The Iroquois Know: The Iroquois Confederacy: Deganawidah: Hiawatha: Five Nations: Handsome Lake: 24. How did the political structure of the Iroquois prove to be strength and ultimately a weaknes s? The Plantation Colonies 25. Which Southern colony was the most different from the others? Explain. CHAPTER 3: SETTLING THE NORTHERN COLONIES GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Know: John Calvin, Conversion Experience, Visible Saints, Church of England, Puritans, Separatists 26. How did John Calvins teachings result in some Englishmen wanting to leave England?The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Know: Mayflower, Myles Standish, Mayflower Compact, Plymouth, William Bradford 27. Explain the factors that contributed to the success of the Plymouth colony. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth Know: Puritans, Charles I, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Great Migration, John Winthrop 28. Why did the Puritans come to America? Building the Bay Colony Know: Freemen, Bible Commonwealth, John Cotton, Protestant Ethic 29. How democratic was the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Explain. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth Know: Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism, Roger Wi lliams 30.What happened to people whose religious beliefs differed from others in Massachusetts Bay Colony? The Rhode Island Sewer Know: Freedom of Religion 31. How was Rhode Island different than Massachusetts? Makers of America: The English 32. In what ways did the British North American colonies reflect their mother country? New England Spreads Out Know: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders 33. Describe how Connecticut, Maine and New Hampshire were settled. Puritans versus Indians Know: Squanto, Massasoit, Pequot War, Praying Towns, Metacom, King Philips War 34. Why did hostilities arise between Puritans and Native Americans? What was the result?Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence Know: New England Confederation, Charles II 35. Assess the following statement, The British colonies were beginning to grow closer to each other by 1700. Andros Promotes the First American Revolution Know: Dominion of New England, Navigation Laws, Edmund Andros, Glorious Revolution, William and Mary, Salutary Neglect 36. How did events in England affect the New England colonies development? Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands Know: Dutch East India Company, Henry Hudson, New Amsterdam, Patroonships 37. Explain how settlement by the Dutch led to the type of city that New York is today.Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors Know: Wall Street, New Sweden, Peter Stuyvesant, Log Cabins 38. Vexations beset the Dutch company-colony from the beginning. Explain. Dutch Residues in New York Know: Duke of York 39. Do the Dutch have an important legacy in the United States? Explain. Penns Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania Know: Quakers, William Penn 40. What had William Penn and other Quakers experienced that would make them want a colony in America? Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors Know: East New Jersey, West New Jersey, Delaware 41. Why was Pennsylvania attractive to so many Europeans and Native Americans?The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies Know: Middle Colonies, Benjamin Fran klin 42. What do the authors mean when the say that the middle colonies were the most American? Varying Viewpoints: Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe? 43. The picture of colonial America that is emerging from all this new scholarship is of a society unique- and diverse- from its inception. Explain CHAPTER 4: AMERICAN LIFE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Unhealthy Chesapeake 44. Life in the American wilderness was nasty, brutish, and short for the earliest Chesapeake settlers. Explain. The Tobacco EconomyKnow: Tobacco, Indentured Servants, Freedom Dues, Headright System 45. What conditions in Virginia made the colony right for the importation of indentured servants? Frustrated Freemen and Bacons Rebellion Know: William Berkeley, Nathaniel Bacon 46. Who is most to blame for Bacons rebellion, the upper class or the lower class? Explain. Colonial Slavery Know: Royal African Company, Middle Passage, Slave Codes, Chattel Slavery 47. Describe the slave trade. Africans in America Know: Gullah, Stono Rebellion 48. Describe slave culture and contributions. Makers of America: From African to African-American 49. And precisely because of the diversity of African peoples represented in America, the culture that emerged was a uniquely New World creation. Explain. Southern Society Know: Plantations, Yeoman Farmers 50. Describe southern culture in the colonial period, noting social classes. The New England Family Know: The Scarlet Letter 51. What was it like to be a woman in New England? Life in the New England Towns Know: Harvard, Town Meetings 52. Explain the significance of New England towns to the culture there. The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial Know: Jeremiad, Conversions, Half-Way Covenant 3. What evidence shows that New England was becoming more diverse as the 17th century wore on? The New England Way of Life Know: Yankee Ingenuity 54. How did the environment shape the culture of New England? The Early Settlers Days and Ways Know: Leislers Rebellion 55. How much equality was evident in the colonies? CHAPTER 5: COLONIAL SOCIETY ON THE EVE OF REVOLUTION GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Conquest by the Cradle Know: Thirteen Original Colonies 56. What was the significance of the tremendous growth of population in Britains North American colonies? A Mingling of RacesKnow: Pennsylvania Dutch, Scots-Irish, Paxton Boys, Regulator Movement 57. What was the significance of large numbers of immigrants from places other than England? The Structure of Colonial Society Know: Social Mobility 58. Assess the degree of social mobility in the colonies. Makers of America: The Scots-Irish Know: The Session 59. How had the history of the Scots-Irish affected their characteristics? Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists Know: Smallpox, Diphtheria 60. Why has the relative prestige of the professions changed from colonial times to today? Workaday America Know: Triangular Trade, Naval Stores, Molasses Act 1. Describe some of the more important occupations in the colonies. Horsepower and Sailpower Know: Taverns 62. What was it like to travel in early America? Dominant Denominations Know: Established Church, Anglicans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians 63. How did the denominations in America affect relations with Great Britain? The Great Awakening Know: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Old Lights, New Lights, Baptists 64. How was the religion encompassed in the Great Awakening different from traditional religion? What was important about the difference? Schools and Colleges Know: Latin and Greek 5. What kind of education could a young person expect in colonial times? Culture in the Backwoods Know: John Trumbull, Charles Wilson Peale, Benjamin West, John Singleton Copley, Benjamin Franklin 66. Did Americans distinguish themselves in the arts during the colonial period? Explain. Pioneer Presses Know: John Peter Zenger 67. Why was the jury verdict in the Zenger case important? The Great Game of Politics Know: R oyal Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Self-governing Colonies, Colonial Assemblies, Power of the Purse, Town Meetings, Property Qualifications 68. How democratic was colonial America?Colonial Folkways 69. What were the advantages and disadvantages of living in America during the colonial period? Colonial America: Communities of Conflict or Consensus? Know: Nashs Urban Crucible Theory 70. Were the colonies marked more by internal consensus or internal conflict? Explain. CHAPTER 6: THE DUEL FOR NORTH AMERICA GUIDED READING QUESTIONS France Finds a Foothold in Canada Know: Huguenots, Samuel de Champlain, New France 71. How was the colony of New France different from the British North American colonies? New France Fans Out Know: Beaver, Coureurs de Bois, Voyageurs, Robert de La Salle 72.What factors led to the French settlement of New France? The Clash of Empires Know: Treaty of Utrecht, War of Jenkinss Ear, James Oglethorpe, Louisbourg 73. Describe the early wars between France and Brit ain. George Washington Inaugurates War with France Know: Fort Duquesne, George Washington, Fort Necessity, Acadians 74. How did George Washington spark the French and Indian War? Global War and Colonial Disunity Know: Benjamin Franklin, Albany Plan of Union, Join or Die 75. What was meant by the statement, America was conquered in Germany? Braddocks Blundering and Its Aftermath Know: Edward Braddock 6. What setbacks did the British suffer in the early years of the French and Indian War? Pitts Palms of Victory Know: William Pitt, James Wolfe, Battle of Quebec 77. What was the significance of the British victory in the French and Indian War? Restless Colonials 78. How did the French and Indian War affect the relationship between the colonies and the mother country? Makers of America: The French Know: Louis XIV, The Great Displacement 79. What contributions to American culture were made by the French? Americans: A People of Destiny Know: Treaty of Paris, Pontiac, Daniel Boone, Proclama tion of 1763 80.How did French defeat lead to westward expansion and tension with Native Americans and the British? CHAPTER 7: THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Deep Roots of Revolution 81. Why does the author say that the American Revolution began when the first settlers stepped ashore? The Mercantile Theory Know: Mercantilism 82. Explain the economic theory of mercantilism and the role of colonies. Mercantilist Trammels on Trade Know: Navigation Laws, Royal Veto 83. How did Parliament enact the theory of mercantilism into policy? The Merits of Mercantilism Know: Salutary Neglect, John Hancock, Bounties 84.In what ways did the mercantilist theory benefit the colonies? The Menace of Mercantilism 85. What economic factors were involved in leading colonists to be displeased with the British government? The Stamp Tax Uproar Know: George Grenville, Sugar Act, Quartering Act of 1765, Stamp Act, Admiralty Courts, Virtual Representation 86. Why were the colonists so upset over relatively mild taxes and policies? Parliament Forced to Repeal the Stamp Act Know: Stamp Act Congress, Nonimportation Agreements, Homespun, Sons of Liberty, Declaratory Act 87. In what ways did colonists resist the Stamp Act? The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston MassacreKnow: Townshend Acts, Indirect Tax, Boston Massacre, John Adams 88. How did the Townshend Acts lead to more difficulties? The Seditious Committees of Correspondence Know: George III, Lord North, Samuel Adams, Committees of Correspondence 89. How did Committees of Correspondence work? Tea Parties at Boston and Elsewhere Know: British East India Company, Boston Tea Party 90. What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party, and what was its significance? Parliament Passes the Intolerable Acts Know: Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act of 1774, Quebec Act 91.What was so intolerable about the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts? The Continental Congress and Bloodshed Know: First Continental Congress, Declaration of Rights, The Association, Tar and Feathers, Minute Men, Lexington and Concord 92. What was the goal of the First Continental Congress? Imperial Strength and Weakness Know: Hessians, Tories 93. What were British strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? American Pluses and Minuses Know: George Washington, Ben Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette, Continentals 94. What were the American strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? A Thin Line of HeroesKnow: Valley Forge, Baron von Steuben, Continental Army 95. What role was played by African-Americans in the Revolution? Whose Revolution? 96. Which of the four interpretations of the Revolution seems most true to you? Which seems least true? Explain. CHAPTER 8: AMERICA SECEDES FROM THE EMPIRE GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Congress Drafts George Washington Know: Second Continental Congress, George Washington 97. Why was George Washington chosen as general of the American army? Bunker Hill an d Hessian Hirelings Know: Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold, Fort Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Redcoats, Olive Branch Petition, Hessians 98.How and why did George III slam the door on all hope of reconciliation? The Abortive Conquest of Canada Know: Richard Montgomery 99. Did the fighting go well for Americans before July of 1776? Explain. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 100. Why was Common Sense important? Paine and the Idea of Republicanism Know: Republic, Natural Aristocracy 101. Why did Paine want a democratic republic? Jeffersons Explanation of Independence Know: Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, Natural Rights 102. What does the Declaration of Independence say? Patriots and Loyalists Know: Patrick Henry 03. What kinds of people were Loyalists? Makers of America: The Loyalists 104. What happened to Loyalists after the war? The Loyalist Exodus 105. What happened to Loyalists during the war? General Washington at Bay Know: William Howe, Trenton, Princet on, 106. What were some of the flaws of General William Howe? Burgoynes Blundering Invasion Know: John Burgoyne, Benedict Arnold, Saratoga, Horatio Gates 107. Why did the Americans win the battle of Saratoga? Why was it significant? Strange French Bedfellows 108. Why did the French help America win independence? The Colonial War Becomes a World WarKnow: Armed Neutrality 109. Why was foreign aid so important to the American cause? Blow and Counterblow Know: Nathaniel Greene, Charles Cornwallis 110. Would an American Patriot, reading news of the war in 1780, have been happy about the way the war was going? Explain. The Land Frontier and Sea Frontier Know: Iroquois Confederacy, Fort Stanwix, George Rogers Clarke, John Paul Jones, Privateers 111. Was frontier fighting important in the outcome of the war? Yorktown and the Final Curtain Know: Charles Cornwallis, Yorktown 112. If the war did not end at Yorktown, then why was it important?Peace at Paris Know: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, Treaty of Paris 113. What did America gain and what did it concede in the Treaty of Paris? A New Nation Legitimized Know: Whigs 114. Did Americans get favorable terms in the Treaty of Paris? Explain. DOCUMENT BASED QUESTION: EXAMINE THE DOCUMENTS ATTACHED FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS ON PAGE 11. WRITE A 5 PARAGRAPH ESSAY: Paragraph 1= Give your introduction and thesis statement Paragraph 2-3-4= Supportive evidence using documents and outside knowledge based on your text and other sources Paragraph 5= Conclusion

The Word Love essays

The Word Love essays I have never used the word  ¡Love ¡Ã‚ ¯ to my common college friends. I think that I use the word  ¡Love ¡Ã‚ ¯ to my family (parents, wife expectant baby) and my country when I was in the army; everybody will be patriot when they join the army. In most case, I do not use the word  ¡Love ¡Ã‚ ¯, especially in my college life. However, I love to say  ¡I love ¡Ã‚ ¯ sentence when I speak with English. I was in university for four years in Korea. However I had never been heard of love words and I never said that  ¡I love you, my friend ¡Ã‚ ¯. Most Korean stingy to say a love word to others, include me. Koreans feel abashed in that situation, even if they are husband and wife, most husbands in Korea do not say  ¡I love you, honey ¡Ã‚ ¯ to their wives. I am very surprised that every American people love to say love words in their life. At first, I thought that  ¡Oh, they are full of love, I already like American people! ¡Ã‚ ¯ however, they use it too much to everything. At this time, I cannot trust them when they say  ¡I love ¡Ã‚ ¯ sentence, because that most American love everything, hence I am not sure that they really love it. I barely understand that it is cultural gap between me and American friends. However, now days, when I speak with English with my friends, I usually say that  ¡I love ¡Ã‚ ¯ words. It is very comfortable way to use English; even I think that English made for  ¡Love ¡Ã‚ ¯. Every language has own specification, it is a magic of language I think. What if most people who use English do not say love word when they are talking? It will be awful; because of we already trained with the word  ¡Love ¡Ã‚ ¯ in English. I love to say  ¡I love ¡Ã‚ ¯ sentence when I speak with English, I think that is what American English is. ...